Research Interests:

Dr. Heindel's research interests are in the areas of transport phenomena (i.e., fluid mechanics and heat/mass transfer). Past projects include various transport phenomena topics such as: forced convection channel flows; nucleate boiling, incipience, and critical heat flux; jet impingement heat transfer; heat transfer enhancement; natural convection flows; transport in porous media; bubble-particle interactions; fiber suspension flows; flotation separation; multiphase bubble column flows; mixing in Standard Vessel Configuration mixing tanks; and concentric pipe mixing. His current research interests involve transport phenomena in complex fluid systems. These fluid systems are applicable to many process industries including food processing, agricultural waste management, pulp and paper processing, mineral processing, petrochemical refining, and water treatment. Three potential project areas involving transport in complex fluid systems are summarized below.

  1. Maximizing Gas Holdup in Complex Fluid Systems
    The goals of this research area are to identify process conditions that maximize gas holdup in complex fluid systems, and to develop a fundamental knowledge base of the significant parameters that control gas holdup. Quiescent (no bulk liquid exchange) and cocurrent vertical bubble columns will be used in this research. Gas holdup will be recorded through bed expansion, dynamic gas disengagement, and gamma-ray densitometry measurements. Initial complex fluid systems will include synthetic and natural fiber systems of various mass fractions. Other fluid systems will also be investigated.

  2. Characterizing Gas Flows in Complex Fluid Systems
    The goals of this research area are to develop fundamental models of gas flows in complex fluid systems, and to correlate accessible process measurements to various gas flow regimes and flow regime transitions. Various techniques will be used to quantify gas flow regimes in complex fluid systems, which may be opaque and/or contain a significant mass fraction of solids. Correlating process measurements to these flow characteristics will allow many process industries to monitor easily-acquired signals for process control and process improvements.

  3. Fundamentals of Pipe Mixing in Complex Fluid Systems
    The goals of this research area are to enhance the pipe mixing characteristics of complex fluid systems, and to develop numerical models of this mixing process. Pipe mixing of two dissimilar fluids is very common in many process industries. Effective mixing is required to maximize product uniformity and, in the case of reactive systems, to maximize product yield. This is difficult to achieve when one fluid is a complex fluid that may contain a high mass fraction of suspended solids that may flocculate, and is mixed with water or a low mass fraction suspension. Experimental observations and measurements will be used to develop numerical models of this complex mixing phenomena. Numerical simulations will also be performed to predict the flow conditions. Transport enhancement techniques will also be investigated to improve desired process conditions such as reduced mixing length, increased mixing uniformity, etc.