May 2001 Italian Election Parties

Olive Tree (Ulivo) coalition

- Democrats of the Left (DS) -- moderate wing of former Communist party

- Greens (Sunflower/Girasole)

- Italian Popular Party (PPI) "Daisy/Margherita" -- ex-Christian Democrats

- Italian Communists (PDCI) -- less moderate wing of former CP

Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) -- ex-Communists

House of Freedoms

- Forza Italia (Go Italy!)

- National Alliance (NA) -- ex-fascist party

- Northern League (Lega Nord) -- northern nativist party

- Christian Democratic Center (CCD)/ United Christian Democrats (CDU) -- other ex-Christian Democrats

- New PSI (Craxi supporters)

April 2006 Election Coalitions

The Union

- Olive Tree (Ulivo) coalition

o Democrats of the Left (DS) -- moderate wing of former Communist party

o Italian Popular Party (PPI) "Daisy/Margherita" -- ex-Christian Democrats

- Greens (Sunflower/Girasole)

- Italian Communists (PDCI) -- less moderate wing of former CP

- Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) -- ex-Communists

- Italy of Values

House of Freedoms

- Forza Italia (Go Italy!)

- National Alliance (NA) -- ex-fascist party

- Northern League (Lega Nord) -- northern nativist party

- Union of Christian and Center Democrats (UDC) –merger of CCD/CDU) with European Democracy

- New PSI (Craxi supporters) with Christian Democracy for the Autonomies (sometimes New DC),