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Answer the question in the space provided (as best you can; use the back page if necessary). Questions 1-3 are worth 8 points each. Questions 4-6 are worth 25 points each.

1. What are two ways to solve Hardin’s ‘tragedy of the commons’?

Mingst, p.162: coercion, restructure preferences, alter group size

2. How is ‘first-generation peacekeeping’ different from ‘second-generation peacekeeping’?

Mingst, p172: 1^st gen. focused on conflicts between states, with PK forces separating parties and preventing escalation; 2^nd gen. focused on intra-state or civil conflicts, with PKs performing military and non-military functions

3. What are two factors that explain the growth and power of NGOs, according to Mingst?.

See Mingst, p.181

4. Based on Mingst, explain the error in this statement: “There is no such thing as ‘international law’ because there is no global legislature to make laws.”

The absence of legislature is irrelevant to international law based on treaties, custom, international court decisions

5. Based on lecture, explain the error in this statement: “The sovereign territorial state is under challenge as it never has been before. Just look at how the Afghan government is unable to prevent Taliban guerrilla forces from moving between Pakistan and Afghanistan and take control of areas of Afghanistan.”

See http://www.public.iastate.edu/%7Epol_s.251/ios.htm “Is Sovereignty Intact?” heading; in short, the STS has been under challenge since its creation; rebel independence movements are nothing new, and state have often lacked the ‘capacity’ to control their borders

6. Explain how ‘transnational civil society’ alone might work to reverse or prevent global warming?

See http://www.public.iastate.edu/%7Epol_s.251/ios.htm “Solving the puzzle” header & lecture on that topic