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Answer the question in the space provided (as best you can; use the back page if necessary). Questions 1-3 are worth 8 points each. Questions 4-6 are worth 25 points each.

1. What are two examples of contemporary “transnational movements”?

- see the section of Mingst; she lists religions & terrorist groups (like al Qaeda)

2. How is a ‘nation’ different from a ‘state’?

- nation refers to an ethnic group or group of people with shared identity
- state is sovereign authority that might have multiple nations or my STS def.
- anything along these lines is fine, or they can use my nation definition: Nations: ethno-cultural communities usually sharing common ancestry, language, and founding myths; ‘imagined communities’ (B. Anderson)

3. How can ‘irredentism’ be a cause of war? Give an example.

States with a national or ethnic group outside their state’s territory may wage war to control or annex that territory. German and Italian wars of unification; Hitler’s early expansion; Pakistan’s attempt to control Kashmir.

4. Is conflict between the US and China inevitable? Use two theoretical approaches from Friedberg to explain why or why not.


Discuss Friedberg’s liberalism, realism, or constructivism (2 of the 3) to explain their points.

Explain two challenges for states in the developing world that Clapham identifies.

- this is also open-ended. Students may argue maintaining security, representing the population, and generating wealth or managing the economy, or they may point to the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Students should show that they understood some of Clapham’s points

5. What model of foreign-policy making does the following statement represent and why? How might a different (pick one) approach to foreign policy-making approach the issue: “Iran’s defiance of the United Nations Security Council is the result of a deadlock between President Ahmadinejad and the Guardian Council over whether Iran should acquire nuclear weapons.”

- this would be the bureaucratic (or organizational, not really, but its murky as Mingst represents it) approach because the Iranian position is a result of intra-governmental squabbling, not a rationally decided at strategy.

- On the second part students may outline a rationalist account (along Mingst’s lines) or a pluralist account (about the role of Iranian society