Presidency I
Formal v. Practical Powers
Formal
powers under the Constitution
-
Veto
laws subject to 2/3rds Congressional reversal
-
Few
formal powers
o
“take
Care that the Laws be faithfully executed”
o
“grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the
o
nominate
officials “by and with advice and consent the Senate”
o
can
convene either or both houses of Congress
Practical authority of the president
-
bully
pulpit
-
organizational
resources
o
staff
and control over information
-
deference
to democratic legitimacy
o
only
nationally elected official
-
"Power
to Persuade" (Neustadt)
-
Prerogative
Power (Pious)
o
Emergency
power in text
o
Correction:
Curtiss-Wright did not uphold emergency power
§
Congress
delegated decision to impose arms embargo to the president
§
7
to 1 decision (Justice Stone did not take part)
Limits on president's effective
authority
-
Public
tolerance
-
Congressional
action
-
Bureaucratic
politics and organizational interests
-
Party
objections
-