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Starch Synthesis

Amylopectin and amylose are synthesized in the amyloplast from ADP-glucose, primarily by the enzymes starch synthase and branching enzyme and debranching enzymes. Some other enzymes such as starch phosphorylase, amylogenin (“starch glycogenin”), disproportionating enyzmes have been implicated in the process. However, definitive evidence for their role in the starch assembly process awaits further research.

Text Box: Starch Biosynthesis. Click inside pathway diagram for hyperlinks to Enzymes Text Box: Glucan Biopolymers: Home Text Box: Starch Text Box: Cellulose Text Box: MixLinkGlucan Text Box: Hemicellulose

  Synthesis:
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Enzyme Class

Synthesis

Starch

(a-1,4 1,6-glucan)

GlycosylTransferase

GBSSI, GBSSII, SSI, SSII, SSIII, SSIV

Domains

GT1 (GT-B clan) & GT5

GlycosylHydrolase

BE1, BEIIa, BEIIb

Domains

GH13 (IsoN & AmyC)

GlycosylHydrolase

ISAI, ISAII, ISAIII

Domains

GH13 (IsoN & AmyC)

Other Enzymes

Amylogenin, Others?

Domains

GT8 (GT-A clan) 

Degradation

(a-1,4 1,6-glucan)

GlycosylHydrolase

 

Domains