LIGNOCELLULOSE: Shown in the table below are the major enzymes of cellulose, hemicellulose, mixed-linkage glucan and lignin biosynthesis.

 

Form 1 (Mutant)

Form 2 (Mutant)

Form 3 (Mutant)

Form 4 (Mutant)

Cellulose Synthases

CesA  ()

 

 

 

Beta-Glucan Synthases

CslA  ()

CslB  ()

CslC  ()

CslD, CslE, CslG

Glucuronoarabinoxylan Synthases

CslF  ()

CslH  ()

 

 

Phenylalanine AmmoniaLyase

PAL ()

 

 

 

Methyltransferases

Caffeic Acid 3-O- ()

Caffeoyl-CoA  (Bm3)

 

 

4-Coumarate-CoA Ligase

4CL  ()

 

 

 

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase

CCR ()

 

 

 

Cinnamyl-OH dehydrogenase

CAD (Bm1)

 

 

 

Peroxidases

 

 

 

 

 

STARCH: Shown in the table below are the major enzymes of starch biosynthesis isolated from developing maize endosperm. Click on each enzyme for a link to the genetic locus and genetic sequence information.

 

Form 1 (Mutant)

Form 2 (Mutant)

Form 3 (Mutant)

Form 4 (Mutant)

ADP-glc pyrophosphorylases

Small subunit (Bt-2)

Large Subunit (Sh-2)

Small subunit (Agp1)

Large subunit (Agp2)

Bound starch synthases

GBSSI (Wx)

GBSSII

-

-

Branching enzymes

BEI

BEIIa

BEIIb (Ae)

-

Starch synthases

SSI

SSIIa (Su-2) / SSIIb

SSIII (Du-1)

SSIV

Debranching enzymes

ISAI (Su-1)

ISAII

ISAIII

Pullulanase (Pu-1)

Amylogenin

Amylogenin?

-

-

-

Disproportionating enzymes

DPEI

DPEII

-

-

Starch Phosphorylases

Phosphorylase

 

 

 

 

Genetics