This paper studies the effect of low temperatures on metals and concrete structural elements exposed to underground corrosive environments. The electrochemical, microbiological and metallurgical aspects of corrosion at such temperature conditions are discussed. The degradation factors, recognized agents of corrosion, corrosion rate and impact on strength of exposed elements are reviewed. The effects of conductivity, diffusivity and resistivity are analyzed. The inhibitors and coatings required to deter and delay corrosion are identified. Numerical models based on Nerst-Plank equation for migration of ions in steady state condition and Fick's laws of diffusion using finite difference approach are proposed.

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Professor Pieter H. Groenevelt
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