Can you identify the kind or reasoning and or the fallacy in the following examples?
Once you have tried to answer these on your own you can go here for answers and discussion.

1. According to a study by the American Medical Association, men with bald spots have three times the risk of heart attack as men with a full head of hair.  Strange as it may seem, it looks as if baldness is a cause of heart attacks.

[In lecture on the pink half sheets the example was based on the same pattern:

According to a study by the American Medical Association, women with osteoporosis have three times the risk of heart attack as women without osteoporosis.  Clearly, osteoporosis is a cause of heart attacks.]

2. The U.S. Constitution guarantees all citizens the right to bear arms.  Gun control legislation infringes on the right of citizens to bear arms.  Therefore, gun control legislation is contrary to the Constitution.
[In lecture on the pink half sheets the example was based on the same pattern:
Since the U.S. Constitution already guarantees all citizens equal protection under the law, any law that asserts that right for a particular group is unnecessary.  The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) asserts the right of women to equal protection under the law, so the ERA is unnecessary. Do you see how they are both the same kind of argument structurally?] 

3.  I don’t see any reason to wear a helmet when I ride a bike. Everyone bikes without a helmet.

  4. It’s ridiculous to worry about protecting America’s national parks against pollution and overuse when innocent people are being killed by domestic terrorists.

 5. There can be no doubt that the Great Depression was caused by Herbert Hoover.  He became President in March 1929, and the stock market crashed just seven months later.

6. If we allow the school board to spend money remodeling the gymnasium, next they will want to build a new school and give all the teachers a huge raise.  Taxes will soar so high that businesses will leave and then there will be no jobs for anyone in this town.

7. Raising a child is like having a pet--you need to feed it, play with it, and everything
will be fine.

8. One nonsmoker, interviewed at a restaurant, said, “I can eat dinner just fine even though people around me are smoking.”  Another, responding to a Los Angeles Times survey, said, “I don’t see what all the fuss is about.  My wife has smoked for  years and it has never bothered me.”  We can see, then, that secondhand smoke does not cause a problem for most nonsmokers.

9. I can’t support Representative Frey’s proposal for campaign finance reform.  After all, he was kicked out of law school for cheating on an exam.

10. Our school must either increase tuition or cut back on library services for students.