PDF Files

The following PDF files are provided to students in this class under the Fair Use clause of United States Copyright Law. Each file is encoded with a password available only to students in this class, and all files are removed from this site once the semester is completed.

To read and/or print these files, click on the links below and open the downloaded file with the Adobe Acrobat Reader. If your computer does not have a copy of the Acrobat Reader, you can download one for free from Adobe's web site .

NOTE: A few of the PDF files below contain numerous graphic images that tend to inflate the size of the entire file. Check the file size of individual items and make sure you have adequate storage space on your hard drive or Zip disk before downloading. All files, with the exception of the Phaedrus, are password-protected; ask the instructor for the class password to open these files.

• Ong, Walter J. "Writing Restructures Consciousness." Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. New York: Routledge, 1982. 78-116. (1.7 Mb)
  
• Plato. Phaedrus. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. (129 K)
  
• Senner, Wayne M. "Theories and Myths on the Origins of Writing: A Historical Overview." The Origins of Writing. Ed. Wayne M. Senner. Lincoln, NB: U of Nebraska P, 1989. 1-26. (1.8 Mb)