General References ­ Kirk

A bit dated perhaps!

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 Pattern<-->Process

Lecture specific:
Edelstein-Keshet, L. 1988. Mathematical Models in Biology.  Random 
        House,  New York, NY.

       • Chapter 2 provides a good introduction to the complex 
       non-linear dynamics emanating from simple difference 
       equations, such as the logistic            .

Hastings, A.  1993. Complex interactions between dispersal and 
       dynamics: lessons from coupled logistic equations. Ecology 
       74(3):1362-1372.

       • Offers some insights into the impact of adding a very 
        simple form of spatial subdivision into the logistic 
        model.  Although the logistic is not very good at 
        depicting the complex dynamics occuring in naturally 
        occuring population an examination of its dynamics 
        can yield some interesting insights into the 
        complexities of population dynamics.  ( A cautionary 
        note: this paper is probably not a good starting 
        point for the mathematically faint-hearted.)

May, R.  1976. Simple Mathematical Models with very complicated 
        dynamics. Nature 261:459-467.

        • A more thorough explication of the dynamics lurking 
        behind the logistic than is to be found in Edelstein-
        Keshet (1988).
        
Pianka, E. 1978. Evolutionary Ecology (Second ed.).  Harper & 
        Row, Publishers,  New York, NY. 
        
        • Presents a discussion of relationship between the 
        distribution of vegetation types and climate, among 
        other things.
        
Silvertown, J., S. Holtier, J. Johnson, and P. Dale.  1992. 
        Cellular automaton models of interspecific competition for   
        space ­the effect of pattern on process.
          Journal of Ecology 80:527-534.
        
        • An interesting, but somewhat naïve, modeling study 
        that explores the impact of varying the initial 
        pattern of vegetation structure on competitive 
        dynamics and pattern evolution.

General:
Adams, E. S. and W. R. Tschinkel. 1995. Spatial dynamics of colony
       interactions in young populations of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta.
       Oecologia 102:156-163.

Addicot, J. F., J. M. Aho, M. F. Antolin, D. K. Padilla, J. S.
       Richardson and D. A. Soluk. 1987. Ecological neighborhoods: scaling
       environmental patterns. Oikos  49:340-346.

Casas, J. 1990. Multidimensional host distribution and nonrandom
       parasitism: a case study and a stochastic model. Ecology
       71:1893-1903.

Chapleau, F., P. H. Johansen and M. Williamson. 1988. The distinction
       between pattern and process in evolutionary biology: the use and
       abuse of the term "strategy". Oikos  53:136-138.

Clements, F. E. 1936. Nature and structure of the climax. The Journal
       of Ecology 24:252-284.

Cowles, H. C. 1899. The ecological relations of the vegetation on sand
       dunes of Lake Michigan. The Botanical Gazette 27:95-
      117,167-202,281-308,361-391.

Cox, G. W. 1990. Soil mining by pocket gophers along topographic
       gradients in a mima moundfield. Ecology 71:837-843.

Fisher, M. 1993. Fine-scale distributions of tropical animal mounds: a
       revised statistical analysis. Journal of Tropical Ecology
       9:339-348.

Ford and Renshaw. 1984. The interpretation of process from pattern using
       two-dimensional spectral analysis. Vegetatio 56:113-
      123.

Gleason, H. A. 1920. Some applications of the quadrat method.
       Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 47:21-33.

Gleason, H. A. 1926. The individualistic concept of the plant
       association. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
       53:7-26.

Horne, J. K. and D. C. Schneider. 1994. Analysis of scale-dependent
       processes with dimensionless ratios. Oikos; acta oecologica
       scandinavica 70:201.

Hutchinson, G. E. 1953. The concept of pattern in ecology.
       Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)
       105:1-12.

Kenkel, N. C. 1993. Modeling Markovian dependence in populations of
       Aralia nudicaulise. Ecology 74:1700-1706.

Krummel, J., R. Gardner, G. Sugihara, R. O'Neill and P. Coleman. 1987.
       Landscape patterns in a disturbed environment. Oikos
        48:321-324.

Levin, S. A., A. Morin and T. H. Powell. Drft. Patterns and processes in
       the distribution and dynamics of antartic krill. 

Li, H. and J. F. Reynolds. 1994. A simulation experiment to quantify
       spatial heterogeneity in categorical maps. Ecology
       75:2446-2455. 

McAuliffe, J. R. 1994. Landscape evolution, soil formation, and
       ecological patterns and processes in Sonoran Desert Bajadas.
       Ecological Monographs 64:111-148.

Moloney, K., A. Morin and S. Levin. 1991. Interpreting ecological
       patterns generated thorugh simple stochastic processes. Landscape
       Ecology  5:163-174.

Navas, M.-L. and M. Goulard. 1991. Spatial pattern of a clonal perennial
       weed, Rubia peregrina (Rubiaceae) in vineyards of Southern France.
       Journal of Applied Ecology  28:1118-1129.

Overpeck, J., P. Barlein and I. T. Webb. 1991. Potential magnitude of
       future vegetation change in Eastern North America: comparisons with
       the past. Science 254:692-695.

Peterson, C. J. and E. R. Squiers. 1995. An unexpected change in spatial
       pattern across 10 years in an aspenÑwhite-pine forest. Journal of
       Ecology 83:847-855.

Ripley, B. D. 1976. The sceond-order analysis of stationary point
       processes. Journal of Applied Probability 13:255-266.

Rowlingson, B. S. and P. J. Diggle. 1993. SPLANCS: spatial point pattern
       analysis code in s-plus. Computers and Geosciences
       19:627-655.

Ruess, R. W. and S. W. Seagle. 1994. Landscape patterns in soil
       microbial processes in the Serengti National Park, Tanzania.
       Ecology 75:892-904.

Silvertown, J., S. Holtier, J. Johnson and P. Dale. 1992. Cellular
       automaton models of interspecific competition for space Ñ the effect
       of pattern on process. Journal of Ecology 80:527-534.

Slowinski, J. B. and C. Guyer. 1989. Testing the stochasticity of
       patterns of organismal diversity: an improved null model. American
       Naturalist  134:907-921.

Turner, M. G. 1989. Landscape Ecology: the effect of pattern on process.
       Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20:171-198.

Watt, A. S. 1947. Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal
       of Ecology  35:1-22.

Wu, J. and S. A. Levin. 1994. A spatial patch dynamic modeling approach
       to pattern and process in an annual grassland. Ecological
       Monographs 64:447-464.



| Top | Pattern | Point | Prairie | Geostats | Neighborhood |

 Point Processes

Adams, E. S. and W. R. Tschinkel. 1995. Spatial dynamics of colony 
      interactions in young populations of the fire ant Solenopsis 
      invicta. Oecologia 102:156-163.

Agterberg, F. P. 1994. Fortan program for the analysis of point patterns 
      with correction for edge effects. Computers and Geosciences 
      20:229-245.

Casas, J. 1990. Multidimensional host distribution and nonrandom 
      parasitism: a case study and a stochastic model. Ecology 
      71:1893-1903.

Cressie, N. 1991. Statistics for spatial data . Wiley-
      Interscience. New York, NY.

Fisher, M. 1993. Fine-scale distributions of tropical animal mounds: a 
      revised statistical analysis. Journal of Tropical Ecology 
      9:339-348.

Gavrikov, V. and D. Stoyan. 1995. The use of marked point processes in 
      ecological and environmental studies. Ecological and 
      Environmental Statistics 2:331-344.

Haase, P. 1995. Spatial pattern analysis in ecology based on Ripley's K-
      function: introduction and methods of edge correction. Journal 
      of Vegetation Science 6:575-582.

Kenkel, N. C. 1993. Modeling Markovian dependence in populations of 
      Aralia nudicaulise. Ecology 74:1700-1706.

Kenkel, N. C. 1988. Pattern of self-thinning in jack pine: testing the 
      random mortality hypothesis. Ecooogy 69:1017-1024.

Lawton, R. O. and F. E. Putz. 1988. Natural disturbance and gap-phase 
      regeneration in a wind-exposed tropical cloud forest. Ecology 
      69:764-777.

Peterson, C. J. and E. R. Squiers. 1995. An unexpected change in spatial 
      pattern across 10 years in an aspenÑwhite-pine forest. Journal 
      of Ecology 83:847-855.

Rebertus, A. J., G. B. Williamson and E. B. Moser. 1989. Fire-induced 
      changes in Quercus laevis spatial pattern in Florida sandhills. 
      Journal of Ecology 77:638-650.

Ripley, B. D. 1976. The sceond-order analysis of stationary point 
      processes. Journal of Applied Probability 13:255-
      266.

Ripley, B. D. 1981. Spatial Statistics . John Wiley & Sons. New 
      York, NY.

Ripley, B. D. 1978. Spectral analysis and the analysis of pattern in 
      plant communities. Journal of Ecology  66:965-981.

Rowlingson, B. S. and P. J. Diggle. 1993. SPLANCS: spatial point pattern 
      analysis code in s-plus. Computers and Geosciences 
      19:627-655.

Venables, W. N. and B. D. Ripley. 1994. Modern Applied Statistics 
      with S-Plus . Springer-Verlag. New York.      


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 Prairie

Bendix, J. H. 1994. Area-restricted search by the plains pocket gopher
       (Geomys bursarius) in tallgrass prairie habitat. Behavioral Ecology
       4:318-324.

Benedix, J., J. H. and O. J. Reichman. MS. Patterns of disturbance
       generated by pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius) on tallgrass praire. 

Brotherson, J. D. 1982. Vegetation of the mima mounds of Kalsow Prairie,
       Iowa. Great Basin Naturalist 42:246-261.

Brotherson, J. D. 1980. Zonation patterns in the potholes of Kalsow
       Prairie, Iowa. Great Basin Naturalist 40:327-384.

Collins, S. L. 1992. Fire frequency and community heterogeneity in
       tallgrass prairie vegetation. Ecology 73:2001-2006.

Collins, S. L. 1987. Interaction of disturbances in tallgrass prairie: a
       field experiment. Ecology 68:1243-1250.

Collins, S. L. 1990. Patterns of community structure during succession
       in tallgrass prairie. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 117:397-
      408.

Crist, T. O., D. S. Guertin, J. A. Weins and B. T. Milne. 1992. Animal
       movement in heterogeneous landscapes: an experiment with Eleodes beetles
       in shortgrass prairie. Functional Ecology 6:536-544.

Davis, Ritchie, Graf and Gregg. 1995. An experimental study of the
       effects of shade, conspecific crowding, pocket gophers and surrounding 
       vegetation on survivorship, growth and reporduction in Penstemon
       grandflorus. Amer. Midl. Nat. 134:237-244.

Glenn, S. M. and S. L. Collins. 1993. Experimental analysis of patch
       dynamics in tallgrass prairie plant communities. Journal of
       Vegetation Science 4:157-162.

Groffman, P. M., C. W. Rice and J. M. Tiedje. 1993. Denitrification in a
       tallgrass prairie landscape. Ecology 74:855-862.

Hartnett, D., B. Hetrick, G. Wilson and D. Gibson. 1993. Mychorrhizal
       influence on intra- and interspecific neighbor interactions among co-
      occurring prairie grasses. Journal of Ecology 81:787-
      795.

Howe, H. 1994. Managing species diversity in tallgrass prairie:
       assumptions and implications. Conservation Biology 8:691-
      704.

Howe, H. F. 1995. Succession and fire season in experimental prairie
       plantings. Ecology 76:1917.

Knapp, A. K., J. Fahnestock, S. Hamburg, L. Statland, T. Seastedt and D.
       Schimel. 1993. Landscape patterns in soil-plant water relations and
       primary productivity in tallgrass prairie. Ecology74:549-560.

Paruelo, J. M. and W. K. Lauenroth. 1995. Regional patterns of
       normalized difference vegetation index in North American shrublands and
       grasslands. Ecology 76:1888.

Platt, W. J. 1975. The colonisation and formation of equilibrium plant
       species associations on badger disturbances in a tall-grass prairie.
       Ecological monographs 45:285-305.

Reichman, O. J. 1993. Distinct animal-generated edge effects in a
       tallgrass prairie community. Ecology 74:1281-1284.

Reichman, O. J., J. H. Benedix, Jr. and T. R. Seastedt. 1993. Distinct
       animal-generated edge effects in a tallgrass prairie community.
       Ecology 74:1281-1285.

Seastedt, T. R. and A. K. Knapp. 1993. Consequences of nonequilibrium
       resource availability across multiple time scales: the transient maxima
       hypothesis. American Naturalist 141:621-633.

Williams, L. R., G. N. Cameron, S. R. Spencer, B. D. Eshelman and M. H.
       Gregory. 1986. Experimental analysis  of the effects of pocket gopher
       mounds on Texas coastal prairie. Journal of Mammology
       67:672-679. 


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 Geostatistics

Almeida, A. S. and A. G. Journel. 1994. Joint Simulation of Multiple 
      Variables with a Markov-Type Coregionalization  Model. Mathematical 
      geology 26:565.

Atkinson, P. M., R. Webster and P. J. Curran. 1992. Cokriging with ground-based 
      radiometry. Remote Sensing of Environment 41:45-60.

Biondini, M. E. and C. E. Grygiel. 1994. Landscape distribution of 
      organisms and the scaling of soil resources. The american naturalist 
      143:1026.

Brus, D. J. and J. J. de Gruijter. 1994. Estimation of Non-Ergodic 
      Variograms and Their Sampling Variance by  Design-Based Sampling 
      Strategies. Mathematical geology 26:437.

Cordy, C. B. and C. M. Thompson. 1995. An Application of the 
      Deterministic Variogram to Design-Based Variance  Estimation. 
      Mathematical geology 27:173.

Delay, F. and G. de Marsily. 1994. The Integral of the Semivariogram: A 
      Powerful Method for Adjusting the  Semivariogram in Geostatistics. 
      Mathematical geology 26:301.

Deutsch, C. V. 1994. Kriging with Strings of Data. Mathematical 
      geology 26:623.

Deutsch, C. V. and A. G. Journel. 1992. GSLIB: Geostatistical 
      Software Library and User's Guide . Oxford University Press. Oxford.

Dietrich, C. R. and G. N. Newsam. 1995. Efficient Generation of 
      Conditional Simulations by Chebyshev Matrix Polynomial  Approximations 
      to the Symmetric Square Root of the Covariance Matrix. Mathematical 
      geology 27:207.

Dowd, P. A. and C. Sarac. 1994. A Neural Network Approach to 
      Geostatistical Simulation. Mathematical geology 26:491.

Goovaerts, P. 1994. Comparative Performance of Indicator Algorithms for 
      Modeling Conditional  Probability Distribution Functions. 
      Mathematical geology 26:389.

Gross, K. L., K. S. Pregitzer and A. J. Burton. 1995. Spatial variation 
      in nitrogen availability in three successional plant communities. The 
      journal of ecology 83:357.

Jackson, R. B. and M. Caldwell. 1993. The scale of nutrient 
      heterogeneity around individual plants and its quantification with 
      geostatistics. Ecology 74:612-614.

Journel, A. G. and C. J. Huijbregts. 1978. Mining geostatistics . 
      Academic Press. London, England.

Kemp, W. P., T. M. Kalaris and W. F. Quimby. 1989.  Rangeland 
      Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Spatial Variability: Macroscale 
      Population Assessment. Economic Entomology 82:1270-1276.

Kuuluvainen, T., T. Hokkanen, E. Jarvinen and T. Pukkala. 1993. Factors 
      related to seedling growth in boreal Scots pine stand: a spatial 
      analysis of a vegetation-soil system. Canadian Journal of Frest 
      Research 23:2101-2109.

North, C. P. and D. I. Halliwell. 1994. Bias in Estimating Fractal 
      Dimension with the Rescaled-Range (R/S) Technique. Mathematical 
      geology 26:531.

Palmer, M. 1988. Fractal geometry: a tool for describing spatial 
      patterns of plant communities. Vegetatio 75:91-102.

Robertson, G. P. 1987. Geostatistics in ecology: interpolating with 
      known variance. Ecology  68:744-748.

Robertson, G. P., M. A. Huston, F. C. Evans and J. M. Tiedje. 1988. 
      Spatial variability in a successional plant community: patterns of 
      nitrogen availability. Ecology  69:1517-1524.

Rossi, R., D. J. Mulla, A. G. Journel and E. H. Franz. 1992. 
      Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial 
      dependence. Ecological Monographs 62:277-314.

ver Hoef, J. M. and N. Cressie. 1993. Multivariable spatial prediction. 
      Mathematical Geology 25:219-240.

Ver Hoef, J. M., N. A. Cressie and D. C. Glenn-Lewin. 1993. Spatial 
      models for spatial statistics: some unification. Journal of 
      Vegetation Science 4:441-452.

Weber, D. D. and E. J. Englund. 1994. Evaluation and Comparison of 
      Spatial Interpolators II. Mathematical geology 26:589.

Wu, J. MS. A method for studying spatial patterns: the net-function 
      interpolation. Coenoses 



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 Neighborhood models

Addicot, J. F., J. M. Aho, M. F. Antolin, D. K. Padilla, J. S.
       Richardson and D. A. Soluk. 1987. Ecological neighborhoods:
       scaling environmental patterns. Oikos  49:340-346.


Armstrong, R. A. 1993. A comparison of index-based and pixel-based
       neighborhood simulations of forest growth. Ecology
       74:1707-1712.

Benjamin, L. R. 1993. Experimental descrimination between contrasting
       models of neighborhood competition. Journal of Ecology
       81:417-423.

Cain, M. L., S. W. Pacala and M. J. Fortin. 1995. Neighborhood models
       of colonal growth in the white clover  Trifolium repens.The
       american naturalist 145:888.


Ellison, A. M., P. M. Dixon and J. Ngai. 1994. A null model for
       neighborhood models of plant competitive interactions. Oikos : 
       a journal of ecology 71:225.

Firbank, L. G. and A. R. Watkinson. 1987. On the analysis of
       competition at the level of the individual plant. Oecologia 
       71:308-317.

Goldberg, D. E. 1987. Neighborhood competition in an old-field plant
       community. Ecology 68:1211-1223.

Gonzalez-Andujar, J. L. and J. N. Perry. 1995. Models for the
       herbicidal control of the seed bank of Avena sterilis: the effects
       of spatial and temporal heterogeneity and of dispersal. Journal
       of Applied Ecology 32:578-587.

Mitha, R., J. L. Harper and J. Weiner. 1984. Growth and mortality of
       individual plants as a function of "available area". Oecologia 
       62:57-60.

Murray, M. G. and R. Gerrard. 1984. Conflict in the neighborhood:
       models where closer relatives are in direct competition.
       Journal of Theoretical Biology  111:237-246.

Pacala, S. W. and J. A. Silander, Jr. 1990. Field tests of neighborhood
       population dynamic models of two annual weed species.
       Ecological Monographs 60:113-134.

Pacala, S. W. and J. A. Silander. 1985. Neighborhood models of plant
       population dynamics I. Single-species models of annuals.
       American Naturalist  125:385-411.

Panatastico-Caldas, M. and D. L. Venable. 1993. Competition in two
       species of desert annuals along a topographic gradient. Ecology
       74:2192-2203.

Reader, R. J., S. D. Wilson, J. W. Belcher and e. al. 1994.  Plant
       competition in relation to neighbor biomass: an intercontinental
       study with Poa pratensis. Ecology 75:1753-1760.

Ribbens, E., J. A. S. Jr. and S. W. Pacala. 1994. Seedling recruitment
       in forests: calibrating models to predict patterns of tree
       seedling dispersion. Ecology 75:1794-1806.

Ryti, R. and T. Case. 1992. The role of neighborhood competition in the
       spacing and diversity of ant communities. American Naturalist
       139:355-374.

Silander, J. A., Jr. and S. W. Pacala. 1985. Neighborhood predictors of
       plant performance. Oecologia 66:256-263.

Tremmel, D. C. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1995. Plant architecture and
       allocation in different neighborhoods: implications for
       competitive success. Ecology 76:262-271.

Weiner, J. 1984. Neighborhood interference amongst Pinus rigida
       individuals. Journal of Ecology  72:183-195.

11/11/1996
kmoloney@iastate.edu