Craig Ogilvie
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY
III. Degrees Held
Ph.D. University
of Birmingham, England. 1987 Physics
B.Sc.
(Honors, First Class), University of Canterbury, New Zealand. 1983 Physics
IV. Professional Experience
Assistant
Professor of Physics, Iowa State University, IA 2000
- present
Assistant
Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 1992 - 2000
Consultant,
Unica Technologies, Lincoln, MA 2000
Research
Scientist, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany 1990
- 1992
V.
Candidate Statement
My scholarly work includes a strong combination of both
physics and learning research. In my physics research, I strive to understand
how fundamental quarks and gluons combine to form nuclear matter, and in my
learning research, I investigate how students master complex concepts and
skills and what can be done to increase student learning. Both areas of
scholarship come from my drive to understand how things work and a passion to
teach. A common thread across both areas is my seeking quantitative rather than
qualitative answers to research questions. For example, in my research on
learning I am interested in how much students learn by doing weekly problem
sets. As part of my studies I have quantitatively compared gains in student
conceptual knowledge after students receive different amounts of feedback in
on-line problem sets. Similarly in my physics research on the quark-gluon
plasma, a state of matter of free quarks and gluons, I have focused on
measurements that can quantitatively probe the physical properties of the
plasma. The theme of making progress by seeking quantitative rather than
qualitative answers throughout my scholarship is highlighted in the following
sections:
Quark-Gluon Plasma
Within each familiar proton and neutron there is a hive of
quarks and gluons, fluctuating in and out of existence. A striking result is
that quarks and gluons are completely confined within the proton or neutron. No
free quark or gluon has ever been observed. Why quarks and gluons are confined
is not fully understood and is one of the most challenging questions of current
fundamental physics.
Confinement likely involves two interlinked phenomena,
long-range correlations in the physical vacuum that exclude the color-field
emanating from quarks and the extremely strong interaction between quarks and
gluons. To make progress on confinement we need to separate these two effects
and study each individually. One way to do this is to make a much larger system
of quarks and gluons where the role of the vacuum at the surface of the larger
system is much reduced. Such a large system can be produced by compressing or
heating nuclear matter so that the neutrons and protons begin to overlap. As
the boundaries between each neutron and proton disappear, a large volume of a
new state of matter should be formed - the quark gluon plasma (QGP). The strong
interactions between quarks and gluons dominate the properties of the QGP, and
because of the larger volume of the system, the influence of the correlated
vacuum is much reduced.
From 2000 to 2001 the first collisions between two heavy
nuclei took place at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The results
indicate that the plasma may be formed in these reactions. Leading the evidence
for the QGP is the reduced yield of particles at high transverse momenta (pt).
These particles predominantly come from rare, high-momentum collisions between
quarks and gluons (partons) that occur in the hot, early stage of the reaction.
As high momentum partons travel through the forming plasma, they are predicted
to lose a considerable fraction of their energy. Outside the collision zone
high-momentum partons fragment into hadrons, and any energy-loss in the plasma
softens the hadronic spectrum, i.e. lowers the measured yield of hadrons at
high-pt. The first high-pt spectra from Au+Au collisions measured by PHENIX at
RHIC were published in 2001 with the key observation that the high-pt spectra
are softer in central than in peripheral collisions. Because a central reaction
would produce a larger volume of QGP, this result is consistent with the
hard-scattered parton losing energy in a QGP.
Extracting quantitative information on the properties of
the QGP from this result is difficult because other factors influence the yield
of high-pt hadrons. Both the initial distribution of gluons in the nucleus and
the amount of scattering that takes place before the hard scattering influence
the shape of the spectra and both are currently unknown. Progress requires
another quantitative view of the same phenomenon, for example by studying the
shape of angular correlations between hadrons at high-pt. This observable has
the advantage that it is not sensitive to the unknown initial gluon
distribution and scattering.
Angular correlations between high-pt hadrons have been
studied in simpler proton+proton reactions, where scattered hard partons
fragment into a narrow cone of high-pt hadrons, a "jet". In Au+Au
reactions if the hard-parton travels through the plasma it is predicted to lose
energy by radiating gluons. When this flux of gluons hadronizes the jet should
be broader than if the parton had not traveled through a plasma. In heavy-ion
reactions it is difficult to identify jets, but the broader radiation pattern
may be observable by measuring the angle correlation function between high-pt
hadrons.
I have taken a lead role in obtaining angular correlations
from the first data at RHIC. Preliminary results show that hadrons at
transverse momenta above 2 GeV/c are correlated, i.e. are emitted at similar
angles consistent with jet production. The puzzling result is that the detailed
shape of the near-angle correlation changes very little from proton+proton
reactions to central heavy-ion collisions, suggesting that either the
correlations are dominated by hard-scatterings that occur near the surface of
the reaction or that the emitted gluons hardly affect the shape of the
correlation function. To make progress on this question we are studying the
shape of the correlations near 180 degrees, where the hadrons come from
back-to-back jets and at least one of the hard partons must have traveled
through a large amount of plasma.
Even though high-pt spectra and correlations are promising
probes of the QGP, the overall caution remains that a heavy-ion reaction is a
very complex, challenging environment. A strong case for the existence and
properties of the QGP must rely on a broad range of observations. To extend our
repertoire of probes, I am currently leading a major upgrade for PHENIX to
install a new Si vertex detector. This detector is designed to quantitatively
probe the early, highest energy-density phase of the matter formed in a heavy-ion
reaction by measuring the yield and spectra of heavy-flavored mesons.
Measuring the spectra of charm and beauty-mesons
requires a tracking resolution of less than 100 mm to measure the decay of
mesons displaced from the collision point. Currently the geometry and layout of
the upgrade is being designed, and alternative detector technologies are being
investigated. This upgrade effort is likely to have a budget in the vicinity of
$5-7M and could be the next major project for the heavy-ion group at ISU. We
are well placed to take a major role in the construction of this detector
and/or its electronics. Prototyping the electronics has started with a joint
project between myself and Prof. Gary Tuttle in the Electrical Engineering
Department at ISU.
I am also co-convenor of Hadron Physics Working Group in
PHENIX. As convenor I coordinate the analysis efforts of approximately twenty
PhD students and post-docs collaboration wide. From the first run of RHIC, I
managed the analysis, submission and publication of seven collaboration papers.
Prior to my work at RHIC, I helped lead experiments at the AGS accelerator at
Brookhaven and spearheaded measurements on production of strange-particles
(kaons, lambdas) as a function of beam-energy and centrality. From this work we
concluded that the QGP is not formed in collisions at beam energies below 10
GeV/nucleon.
Learning Research
I have the responsibility to represent the community of physicists
and the cumulated knowledge of physics to all students enrolled in my courses.
As part of this responsibility, I am interested in measuring the impact that
different parts of teaching have on how much students actually learn. This has
guided my decisions on which innovations to make and how successful they are in
improving learning. I have listed several of these developments in Appendix A,
and in this section I illustrate my work with one example.
I have been assessing the impact of on-line problem sets
on student learning. There are two potential advantages of on-line work
compared to traditional written problem sets; 1) the on-line tool can provide
immediate and detailed feedback to the student and 2) a reduced grading load
for the TAs so that they can use their time more productively, e.g. working
interactively with small groups of students.
In Fall 2001 I taught Phys 222 (500 students) and
implemented on-line weekly problem sets using webCT. The students submitted
their answers online, webCT automatically graded the work and provided detailed
and specific feedback tailored to the student. Each student received three
types of feedback on their online work; 1) a full solution to each question, 2)
which questions they got right or wrong and 3) if wrong, what mistakes they may
have made and how they could avoid that error in the future. For example if the
problem required the use of the Kelvin temperature scale, one of the
multiple-choice answers would be the incorrect value a student would obtain if
he/she used the Celsius scale. If a student chose that wrong answer they would
get specific advice on which temperature scale to use. The individualized
feedback was available for students to view the rest of the semester.
To quantify how much physics students learnt in my
course, I asked each student to answer a standard diagnostic of magnetism
questions (available from the research literature) both before and after
instruction. The gain in student scores can be calculated as

where averages were calculated for all students who
took the diagnostic test. This definition of gain is the actual improvement of
scores over the maximum possible improvement. The average pre-score for 281
students on the magnetic questions (<pre>) was (18.3±0.8)%. After instruction the average
post-score for the magnetic questions was (59.7±1.3)% with 281 students
taking the post-diagnostic. The gain g=0.51±0.02 is at the upper end of
gains reported in the original survey of courses using the diagnostic. Typical
gains for comparable large enrollment courses in the literature survey are in
the range of 0.2-0.3.
To assess whether feedback in the on-line assignments
helps students learn physics, I divided the class randomly into two groups for
one assignment. The first group received feedback immediately after submitting
the assignment. This group had 10% higher gains on the relevant questions in
the diagnostic than students who received their feedback delayed by a few days.
This result is robust at the 90% C.L. The benefit of prompt feedback is
possibly more pronounced for students who made more mistakes on the assignment.
The implication is when using on-line assignments students learn more if they
are provided with immediate feedback on how well they did and where they could
improve. I have submitted this work for publication in the American Journal of
Physics, Education Research Supplement and have just received favorable referee
reports. I also presented a seminar on the work to the Science Education group
in the Department of Education at ISU.
In the coming years I have plans to improve the
problem-solving skills of students and to add more open-ended exploratory
experiments to the labs. Throughout these changes I will attempt to measure how
much students learn and which parts of the course design have any measurable
impact. By gathering this data, I have a basis for continually improving the
course and helping the students learn more physics.
VI.
Factual Basis for Recommendation of Excellence in Scholarship (Last Six Years)
A. Teaching
1.
TEACHING RESPONSIBILITIES AND STUDENT EVALUATIONS
|
Semester
|
Teaching
Assignment
|
Course
|
University
|
Number
Students
|
Rating
(1-5)
5
highest
|
|
Spring
02
|
Research
leave
|
|
ISU
|
|
|
|
Fall
01
|
Lecturer
|
Phys
222, calculus-based E/M
|
ISU
|
306
|
4.2
|
|
Spring
01
|
Research
leave
|
|
ISU
|
|
|
|
Fall
00
|
Recitation
|
Phys
222, calculus-based E/M
|
ISU
|
24
|
4.9
|
|
Spring
00
|
Lecturer
|
8.01,
calculus-based mechanics
|
MIT
|
100
|
4.1
|
|
Fall
99
|
Recitation
|
8.01,
calculus-based mechanics
|
MIT
|
40
|
4.2
|
|
Spring
99
|
Lecturer
|
8.01,
calculus-based mechanics
|
MIT
|
100
|
4.6
|
|
Fall
98
|
Lecturer
|
8.712,
graduate Nuclear Physics
|
MIT
|
15
|
N/A
|
|
Spring
98
|
Recitation
|
8.02x,
calculus-based E/M
|
MIT
|
40
|
4.1
|
|
Fall
97
|
Recitation
|
8.07,
advanced E/M
|
MIT
|
20
|
4.2
|
|
Spring
97
|
Recitation
|
8.04,
intro quantum mechanics
|
MIT
|
20
|
4.4
|
|
Fall
96
|
Recitation
|
8.01x,
calculus-based mechanics
|
MIT
|
40
|
4.5
|
|
Spring
96
|
Lecturer
|
8.02x,
calculus-based E/M
|
MIT
|
135
|
4.5
|
|
Career
Average
|
|
|
|
|
4.34
|
MIT teaching evaluations have been converted from a
scale of 1-7 to ISU scale of 1-5
2.
COURSE AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY
Throughout my career I have strived to increase
student learning in the courses that I teach. Some of the gains in student
understanding are documented in the section “Candidate Statement”, while in
this section I have summarized my various teaching innovations (more details
can be found in Appendix A):
- Redesigned physics recitations in Phys 222 and 8.01 (MIT) to
increase student problem-solving skills by having students work
cooperatively on complex, realistic problems.
- Implemented on-line assignments for Phys 222 that provided
detailed and specific feedback tailored to the student.
- Added active learning exercises to lectures of Phys 222 to improve
student learning.
- Extended an introductory physics course (8.01x MIT) to have
“take-home” experiments where students worked in pairs to construct
experiments from small inexpensive parts.
- Developed and taught a distance-learning graduate level course at
MIT (8.712) on Relativistic Heavy-Ion Physics. Students at several
universities across the country participated in the lectures via live
videoconference.
3. ADVISING
3.2
M.A. Committees
Completed: Tris Tanadi (Electrical
Engineering)
3.3
Ph.D. Committees
Jan Rak, Gunther Roland, Eleanor Judd, Mark Baker
4. HONORS AND AWARDS FOR
TEACHING/SCHOLARSHIP OF TEACHING
2002 Miller
Faculty Fellow, ISU
2002 “Exceptional Student Support”, Student
Scholars and Leaders Recognition, ISU
2002 Nominated
Outstanding Faculty Teacher, Interfraternity Council, ISU
1997 James H.
Ferry, Jr. Fund for Innovation in Research Education, MIT
1996 Buechner
Prize for Teaching, Department of Physics, MIT
1 PUBLICATIONS
c. Papers in Refereed Journals
- “Measurement of the lambda and anti-lambda particles in Au+Au
collisions at S(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GEV”, PHENIX Collaboration (K.
Adcox et al.). Phys.Rev.Lett. 89: 092302, 2002.
- “Event-by-event Fluctuations in Mean P(T) and
Mean E(T) in S(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GEV Au+Au Collisions”, PHENIX
Collaboration (K. Adcox et al.).Phys.Rev.C 66, 024901, 2002
- “Net Charge
Fluctuations in Au+Au Interactions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV." PHENIX
Collaboration (K. Adcox et al.), Phys.Rev.Lett. 89, 082301 (2002),
- “Measurement of Single Electrons and Implications
For Charm Production in Au+Au Collisions at S**(1/2)(NN) = 130-GEV”. By
PHENIX Collaboration (K. Adcox et al) Phys.Rev.Lett.88:192303,2002
- “Overview of PHENIX Results from the First RHIC
Run” By PHENIX Collaboration (W.A. Zajc et al.). Nucl.Phys.A698:39-53,2002
- “Transverse Mass Dependence of Two Pion
Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at S(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV”. By PHENIX
Collaboration (K. Adcox et al.). Phys.Rev.Lett.88:192302,2002
- “Centrality Dependence
of PI+ / PI-, K+ / K-, P and anti-P Production from S(NN)**(1/2) = 130 GeV
Au+Au Collisions at RHIC.” By PHENIX Collaboration (K. Adcox et al.).
Phys.Rev.Lett. 88:242301,2002
- “Review of Nuclear
Reactions at the AGS.” C.A. Ogilvie Nucl.Phys.A698:3-12,2002
- “Systematic Study of AU-AU Collisions with AGS
Experiment E917”. By E917 Collaboration (B. Holzman et al.).
Nucl.Phys.A698:643-646,2002
- “Suppression of Hadrons with Large Transverse
Momentum in Central Au+Au Collisions at S(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV. By PHENIX
Collaboration (K. Adcox et al.). Phys.Rev.Lett.88:022301,2002
- “Strangeness Production in Au + Au Collisions at
AGS Energies” By E917 Collaboration (B.B. Back et al.)
J.Phys.G27:301-309,2001
- “Measurement of the Midrapidity Transverse Energy
Distribution from S(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC” By
PHENIX Collaboration (K. Adcox et al.). Phys.Rev.Lett.87:052301,2001
- “Centrality Dependence of Charged Particle
Multiplicity in Au+Au Collisions at S**(1/2) = 130-GEV, PHENIX
Collaboration (K. Adcox et al.) Phys.Rev.Lett.86:3500-3505,2001
- “Baryon Rapidity Loss in Relativistic Au+Au
Collisions”, B.B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1970 (2001)
- “Elliptic Flow in Au + Au Collisions at
(S(NN))**(1/2) = 130 GeV”, STAR Collaboration K.H. Ackermann et al.,
Phys.Rev.Lett.86, 402 (2001)
- “Antilambda Production in Au+Au Collisions at
11.7 A GeV/C”, B.B. Back et al.. nucl-ex/0101008
- “An Excitation Function of K- and K+ Production
in Au+Au Reactions at the AGS”, L. Ahle et al., Phys.Lett.B490, 53 (2000)
- “Comparison of Strangeness Production from p+p and A+A Collisions
between 2 and 160 AGeV”, J.C. Dunlop, C.A. Ogilvie, Phys. Rev. C61, 031901
(2000)
- “Excitation
Function of K+ and p+ Production
in Au+Au Reactions at 2A to 10 AGeV”, L. Ahle et al., Phys.Lett.B476:1 (2000)
- “Au + Au Collisions in Experiment E917 at the
Brookhaven AGS”, B.B. Back et al., Nucl.Phys.A663:757-760, 2000
- “STAR Time Projection Chamber”, K.H. Ackermann et
al., Nucl. Phys. A661, 681 (1999).
- “Production of Phi Mesons in Au+Au Collisions at
the AGS”, B.B. Back et al., Nucl. Phys. A661, 506, (1999).
- “Particle Production at the AGS: An Excitation
Function”, B.B. Back et al., Nucl. Phys. A661, 472, (1999).
- “Results from Experiment E917 for Au+Au
Collisions at the AGS”, B.B. Back et al., Nucl. Phys. A661, 75, (1999).
- “Proton and Deuteron Production in Au+Au Collisions at 11.6
AGeV/c”, L. Ahle et al., Phys. Rev C60:064901 (1999)
- “Centrality Dependence of Kaon Yields in Si+A and Au+Au Collisions
at the AGS”, L. Ahle et al., Phys. Rev C60:044904 (1999)
- Dense, Strongly Interacting
Matter: Strangeness in Heavy-ion Collisions 1-10 AGeV”, C.A. Ogilvie, J.
Phys. G 25, 159 (1999).
- “Strangeness Production
in High-Density Baryon Matter”, R. Ganz et al., J. Phys G 25, 247 (1999).
- “Simultaneous
Multiplicity and Forward Energy Characterization of Particle Spectra in
Au+Au Collisions at 11.6AGeV/c”, L. Ahle et al., Phys. Rev. C 59, 2173
(1999)
- “Kaon Production and Multi-body Collisions in
Dense Hadronic Matter.” CA Ogilvie, Phys. Lett. B. 436, 238 (1998).
- “Kaon Production in Au+Au Reactions at 11.6 AGeV/c.” L. Ahle, et
al.,Phys. Rev. C 58, 3523 (1998).
- “Breakup Conditions of Projectile Spectators from Dynamical
Observables” M. Begemann-Blaich et al., Phys. Rev. C 58, 1639 (1998)
- “Anti-proton Production in Au+Au Reactions at 11.6AGeV/c." L.
Ahle et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2650 (1998)
- "Particle Production at High Baryon Density in Central Au +
Au Reactions at 11.6 A GeV/c." L.Ahle et al., Phys. Rev. C 57, 466,
(1998).
- "Proton, Deuteron and Triton Emission at Target Rapidity in
Au + Au Collisions at 10.2 A GeV." L.Ahle et al., Phys. Rev. C 57,
1416 (1998).
- “Recent Developments on the STAR Detector System at RHIC”, H.
Weiman et al., Nucl. Phys. A638, 559 (1998).
- ”Centrality and Collision System Dependence of Anti-Proton
Production from p+A to Au+Au Collisions at AGS Energies”, L. Ahle et al.,
Nucl. Phys. A638, 427 (1998).
- ”An
Excitation Function at the AGS : Probing the Dynamics of Heavy-ion
Collisions”, R. Seto et al., Nucl. Phys. A638, 407 (1998).
- “Review of Experiments
E866 and E917 @AGS”, C.A. Ogilvie et al., Nucl. Phys. A638, 57c (1998).
- “Kaon Production in
Au+Au Collisions at the AGS", C.A. Ogilvie et al, Nucl. Phys. A630,
571c (1998)
- "Strangeness Production at the AGS",
C.A. Ogilvie, J. Phys. G 23, 1803 (1997)
- "Universality of Spectator Fragmentation at Relativistic
Bombarding Energies." A. SchüttAuf, et al., Nucl. Phys. A607 457-486
(1996).
- “Squeeze-out
of nuclear matter in Au+Au collisions.” Tsang MB, et al, Phys Rev 1962
(1996)
- Particle
Production in Au+Au Collisions from BNL E866”, Y. Akiba et al, Nucl. Phys.
A610, 139c (1996).
- The
Centrality Dependence of the Source Size for Au+Au Collisions at the AGS”,
M.D. Baker et al, Nucl. Phys. A610, 213c (1996).
- “Azimuthal Distributions and Collective Motion in
Intermediate-Energy Heavy Ion Collisions.” Wilson, WK, et al. Phys. Rev. C51 3136
(1995)
- "Fragment
Flow and the Multifragmentation Phase Space." G.J. Kunde, et al.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 74:38-41 (1995).
- "Multifragmentation of Spectators in Relativistic Heavy Ion
Reactions." A.S. Botvina, et al., Nucl. Phys. A584:737-756 (1995)
- "Multifragmentation
and Flow: Peripheral vs. Central Collisions." J. Pochodzalla, et al.,
Nucl. Phys. A583 553c-560c (1995).
- “Recent Results From
E866.” L Ahle. et al., Nucl Phys A 590:(1-2) C258 (1995)
- "Collective Expansion
in Central Au+Au Collisions", W.C. Hsi et al, Phys. Rev. Lett 73,
3367 (1994).
- "The STAR
experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-ion Collider." STAR
Collaboration, Nucl. Phys. A566 277c (1994).
- "Onset of Nuclear
Vaporization in 197Au+197Au Collisions." M.B.
Tsang, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 71, 1502 (1993).
- “Disassembly of Highly
Excited Nuclei - From Evaporation to Vaporization.” WFJ Muller, et al.,
Prog. Part Nucl. Phys. 696 (1993)
- "QMD Simulation of
Multifragment Production in Heavy-ion Collisions at E/A=600 MeV." M.
Begemann-Blaich, et al., Phys. Rev. C 48 610 (1993).
- "Charge
Correlations as a Probe of Nuclear Disassembly." P. Kreutz, et al.,
Nucl. Phys. A556 672 (1993).
- "Multi-fragment
Events as a Probe of Nuclear Disassembly." C.A. Ogilvie, et al., Nucl.
Phys. A553 271c (1993).
- "Statistical
Fragmentation of Au Projectiles at E/A=600 MeV." J. Hubele, et al.,
Phys. Rev. C 46 R1577 (1992).
- "Disappearance of
Flow as a Probe of the Nuclear Equation of State." D. Krofcheck, et
al., Phys. Rev. C 46 1416 (1992).
- "Impact Parameter
Dependence of High Energy Gamma Ray Production in Heavy-ion
Collisions." T. Reposeur, et al., Phys. Lett. B276 418 (1992).
- "Reaction Plane
Determination Using Azimuthal Correlations." W.K. Wilson, R. Lacey,
C.A. Ogilvie, G.D. Westfall, Phys. Rev. C 45 738 (1992).
- "Correlations in
Mulifragment Events" U. Lynen et al., Nucl. Phys. A545, 329c (1992).
- "The Rise and Fall
of Multi-fragment Emission in 197Au + C, Al, and Cu Reactions
at E/A=600 MeV." W. Trautmann, et al., Nucl. Phys. A538 473c (1992).
- "Fragmentation of
Au projectiles: from Evaporation to Total Disassembly." J.Hubele, et
al., Z. Phys. A. 40 263 (1991).
- "The Rise and Fall
of Multi-fragment Emission." C.A. Ogilvie, et al., Phys. Rev.
Lett 67 1214 (1991).
- "Impact-parameter
Dependence of Participant Energy Spectra measured in Symmetric Heavy-ion
Collisions." C.A. PruneAu, et al., Nucl. Phys. A534 204 (1991).
- "Bragg Curve
Spectroscopy in a 4p Geometry." D.A. Cebra, et al., Nucl. Instr.
Meth. A300 518 (1991).
- "Mean Field
Deflection in Peripheral Heavy-Ion Collisions." W.K. Wilson, et al.,
Phys. Rev. C 43 2696 (1991).
- "Observation of a
Minimum in Collective Flow for Ar+V Collisions." D. Krofcheck, et
al., Phys. Rev. C 43 350 (1991).
- “Consistent Description
of the (T, HE-3) Reaction for A-12-89.” CN Pinder, et al., Nucl. Phys. A
533: 48 (1991)
- “Collective Flow,
Multi-Fragment Emission and Azimuthal Asymmetries in Intermediate
Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions.” GD Westfall, et al., Phys. Script A, T32 207
(1990)
- “Disappearance of Flow
and its Relevance to Nuclear-Matter Physics.” CA Ogilvie, et al., Phys.
Rev. C 42 R14, (1990)
- “Event-Shape Analysis -
Sequential Versus Simultaneous Multifragment Emission.” DA Cebra, et al.,
Phys. Rev. Lett 64 2249 (1990)
- “Azimuthal Asymmetry in
AR+V Collision From E/A=35 to 85 MEV.” WK Wilson, et al., Phys Rev C41 R1884 (1990)
- “Automated Analysis of
CCD Recorded Nuclear Collisions in a Streamer Chamber.” D Krofcheck, et
al., Nucl Inst. Met. A288 506 (1990)
- “Transverse Collective
Motion In Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions.” CA Ogilvie, et al.,
Phys Rev C 40 2599 (1989)
- “Longitudinal
Collective Motion in Intermediate-Energy Heavy Ion Collisions.” CA
Ogilvie, et al., Phys. Lett. B 231 38 (1989)
- “Disappearance of Flow
in heavy Ion Collisions.” D. Krofcheck, et al., Phys Rev Lett 63 2031
(1989)
- “Determination of the
Impact Vector in Intermediate Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions.” CA Ogilvie, et
al., Phys Rev C 40 663 (1989)
- “C-12 Induced Single
Particle Transfer-Reactions at E/A=50 MEV.” JS Winfield, et al., Phys. Rev.
C 39 1401 (1989)
- “Triton-Induced and
Helion Induced Cluster Pick-Up Reactions on C-12(13).” PJ Simmonds, et
al., J. Phys. Nucl. Part. 15 370
(1989)
- “CCD Camera System for
Use With a Streamer Chamber.” SA Angius. et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 273
290 (1988)
- “(O-16, C-14) Reaction
on Some Even N=28 Isotones.” CA Ogilvie, et al., Phys Rev C 39 152 (1989)
- “A Study of Proton
Pairing Vibrations in the FP-Shell Using
C-14 Induced 2-Proton Pickup Reactions.” D Barker, et al., Nucl.
Phys. A 4485 172 (1988)
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