History

www. public.iastate.edu/~history  
George T. McJimsey, Chair of Department  
Professors: Cravens, Hurt, Keller, Kottman, Marcus, McJimsey, Plakans, Wilson  
Professors (Adjunct): Dobbs  
University Professors (Emeritus): Schwieder  
Professors (Emeritus): Bennett, Dobson, Geiger, Lowitt, Rawson, Schofield, Wilt
Associate Professors: Bix, Liu, Pope, Riney-Kehrberg  
Associate Professors (Emeritus): Avraamides, Whitaker  
Assistant Professors: Andrews, Garcia, Griffiths, Kleinberg, Madison, Rieger, Taylor  
Assistant Professors (Emeritus): Osborn, Zaring  
Instructors (Adjunct): Hill

The department offers a variety of survey courses (200 series, basically for first- and second-year students) designed to serve as either general education courses or as introductions to advanced courses in history or other subject areas. The department also offers curricula leading to the B.A. and B.S. degrees in history, the M.A. degree in history, the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in the history of technology and science, and the Ph.D. degree in agricultural history and rural studies.

In addition to the survey (200-level) courses, advanced undergraduate courses are offered in the history of Europe, Asia, Latin America, the United States, technology and science, agriculture, and of some selected topics.

Undergraduate Study

The History major. For a description of the undergraduate curriculum with a major in History see Liberal Arts and Sciences, Curriculum. The History major may earn either a bachelor of arts or bachelor of science degree. Candidates for the B.A. must complete two years of university-level study in one foreign language or the equivalent. The minimum required for a major in history is 30 credits, of which at least 24 must be in courses numbered 300 or above. A minimum of 12 credits numbered 300 or above must be taken in residence at Iowa State. All History majors must complete two enrollments in Hist 495 (for R credit) or, if qualified and willing, one graduate-level writing/research seminar. The history major prepares a student with the ability to write and think clearly and to understand the nature of social organization. It specifically prepares the student to think chronologically, to understand past events in their relation to the present, to carry out research with a variety of sources, and to analyze and interpret past and present events. History majors who choose minors in other departments usually select from such complementary disciplines as Political Science, English, Sociology, Psychology, Economics, Philosophy, or Foreign Languages and Literatures.

English proficiency requirement: History majors must receive a grade of C or better in each of Engl 104 and 105 (or 105H), and Hist 495 or any graduate seminar.

For a description of the major in History as preparation for professional programs, see Teacher Education and Preprofessional Study. Students majoring in History may also earn a second major in International Studies; see International Studies.

Although the department does not require specialization, majors and nonmajors may elect to group their courses in one of several areas of emphasis. The following short list shows the department's undergraduate courses by such areas of emphasis. Qualified undergraduates may also take some 500-level graduate courses, with permission of the instructor (see listing of graduate courses below). Consult the main listing of courses for full description.Europe: 201, 202, 305, 325, 326, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 408, 410, 414, 417, 419, 421, 422, 424, 426, 430, 431.

Asia, Africa, Latin America: 207, 208, 310, 311, 336, 337, 338, 340, 341, 441.

United States: 221, 222, 307, 351, 352, 353, 354, 370, 450, 451, 454, 455, 458, 459, 462, 463, 464, 465, 469, 470, 471, 472.

Technology and Science: 280, 281, 284, 285, 323, 380, 387, 388, 482, 483, 484, 488, 489.

Agriculture: 365, 366, 460, 461.

Topical Courses: 374, 376, 381, 382, 386, 389, 390, 480, 490, 495.

Courses dealing with the history of technology and science have been structured to offer a sequence leading from basic surveys through courses in the history of particular technologies and sciences. In this area of emphasis, it is recommended that students electing Hist 482 or 483 have taken a basic survey in the history of technology and science (either Hist 280-281 or 284-285) or have taken a college-level course in an appropriate technology or science, or seek permission of the instructor. An undergraduate emphasis in the history of technology and science could include either Hist 281-282 or 284-285 and some combination from Hist 323, 380, 387, 388, 482, 483, 484, 485, 488, and 489.

The department offers a minor in History, which may be earned with 15 credits in History courses, of which at least 9 must be in courses numbered 300 or above. A minimum of 9 credits numbered 300 or above must be taken at Iowa State. The History minor is most frequently chosen by students majoring in Political Science, English, Journalism, Computer Science, and Business.

Graduate Study

Graduate students may take any 400-level history course except 490 and 495 for graduate credit. No more than 12 credits of 400-level courses, however, may be used toward the minimum credits required for a graduate degree in history. Additional work is required for graduate credit in 400-level courses.

Most history graduate courses are either proseminars or seminars. Proseminars acquaint students with the historical literature of a field and prepare them for careers in teaching and research. Seminars require students to conduct original historical research and to write extensive research papers reporting the results.

The M.A. in history. For the M.A. in history, students may elect a thesis or a nonthesis program. History 583C is required of all M.A. students during their first fall semester. See the departmental brochure on the M.A. in History for a full discussion of the options and requirements. A student shall demonstrate proficiency in the use of a research tool such as a foreign language, statistics, computer programming, or the like, as prescribed by his or her advisory committee. The M.A. in history program serves as the basis for continued study in history, law, or business; preparation for teaching in high school or junior college; preparation for government service; or as part of a general education. For international students, a TOEFL score of 600 is required at the time of admission.

The M.A. and Ph.D. in history of technology and science. The graduate program in the history of technology and science examines the role of technology and science in the formation of modern societies and their attitudes toward people and the world. The program is structured in a sequence of courses leading to the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees. Since these courses approach their subject in the context of social and cultural change, they are also open to and appropriate for students in engineering, the sciences, science education, and science journalism. For a thorough description of the program requirements, see the department's brochure on the history of technology and science program.

The Ph.D. in agricultural history and rural studies. The program is designed as a Ph.D. program, but students without an M.A. in history will be expected to qualify for the departmental M.A. in history while progressing toward the doctorate. In some cases, the M.A. may be recommended as the terminal degree. Thirty semester hours of graduate credit are required for the M.A. and 72 for the Ph.D. Students who continue beyond the M.A. are expected to pass a qualifying examination in their general field of study and pre-liminary examinations in three areas of specialization, complete a dissertation, and defend it orally in the Ph.D. final examination. See the departmental brochure on the program for a full description of requirements.

The following short list of the department's graduate courses is organized by areas of emphasis; see the main listing for complete descriptions. Courses at the 500 level are taken by graduate students (major or minor) and, occasionally, by qualified undergraduates; those at the 600 level are taken by graduate students (major or minor) only.

Europe: 512 series, 530 series, 594 series.

Asia, Latin America: 510, 513, 592, 595.

United States: 511 series, 572, 593 series.

Technology and Science: 570, 571, 574, 575, 576, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607.

Agriculture and Rural Studies: 550, 552 series, 556, 608, 610.

Topical: 580, 583 series, 590, 597.

Courses open for nonmajor graduate credit: 472.

Courses Primarily for Undergraduate Students

Hist 201. Introduction to Western Civilization I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Western civilization from ancient Mediterranean world to 1500. Social and cultural developments; economic and political ideas and institutions; problems of historical change and continuity.

Hist 202. Introduction to Western Civilization II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Western civilization from 1500 to present. Social and cultural developments; economic and political ideas and institutions; problems of historical change and continuity.

Hist 207. Chinese Civilization
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Origins, development, decline and transformation of China from earliest times to present.

Hist 208. Japanese Civilization
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Origins, development, and transformation of Japan from earliest times to present.

Hist 221. Survey of United States History I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Colonial foundations: revolution, confederation, and constitution; nationalism and democracy; sectional disunity, Civil War, and reunion.

Hist 222. Survey of United States History II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Industrialization; emergence as a great power; boom and depression; war, internationalism and Cold War; modern industrial society.

Hist 240. Latina/o History
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Historical and cultural heritage of Latinas/os in the United States. The histories of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and other Latin American peoples in the U.S. emphasizing political and cultural convergence and congruencies.

Hist 280. Introduction to History of Science I (Same as M E 280.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Ideas of nature from Babylonia to Renaissance.

Hist 281. Introduction to History of Science II (Same as M E 281.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Science from seventeenth-century scientific revolution to Darwin and Einstein.

Hist 284. Introduction to History of Technology and Engineering I (Same as M E 284.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Technology in various civilizations from Sumer and Egypt to early 18th century Europe.

Hist 285. Introduction to History of Technology and Engineering II (Same as M E 285.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Technology in Western world in nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Hist 305. Cultural Heritage of the Modern World
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Marcus. Examination of parallel formal and structural elements in scientific and social thinking, technological design, and composition in literature and the arts from the late medieval period to the 20th century.

Hist 307. American Popular Culture
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Social practices, beliefs and material traits of everyday life in America from the mid-19th century to the present. Includes literature, music, theater and other entertainments. Dime novels, vaudeville, rock and roll music, Hollywood and establishment of professional athletic leagues are among the cultural artifacts and phenomena considered.

Hist 310. Introduction to African History I (Same as Af Am 310.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Provides an overview of cultures and societies of Africa: prehistory to 1700.

Hist 311. Introduction to African History II (Same as Af Am 311.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Provides an overview of cultures and societies of Africa, 1700 to present.

Hist 323. Science and Religion (Same as Relig 323.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Wilson. History of changing interplay of science and religion in our understanding nature, from Platonism to Darwinism.

Hist 325. History of England I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. England from pre-history to 1688. Growth of political and religious institutions; medieval social, economic, and constitutional development; Tudor and Stuart monarchies; Reformation and civil war.

Hist 326. History of England II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. England since 1688. Political and social change; constitutional and economic development; Britain as a world power; modern British society.

Hist 336. History of Modern China I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. China from 1644 to 1912; internal and external stimuli on traditional structure leading to reform and revolution.

Hist 337. History of Modern China II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. China from 1912 to present; search for a new order and continuing Chinese revolution.

Hist 338. Modern Japanese History
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Japan 1600 to present; emphasis on transformation of feudal Japan into a post-industrial society.

Hist 340. History of Latin America I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Colonial Latin America from European discovery and colonization to wars for independence.

Hist 341. History of Latin America II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Modern Latin America national origins from 1800 to present.

Hist 345. U.S. Immigration History
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Garcia. Examination of historical factors and structural forces that affect arrival, growth, and redistribution of African, Asian, European, native American, and Latino populations.

Hist 351. Social and Cultural History of American People I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Cravens. History of ordinary Americans since 1800; development of society; dissemination of popular ideas; living conditions, work, and play; the arts, music, architectural styles, material culture; rural and urban lifestyles; majority-minority and gender relations; religion, mass culture, corporations,and technology in modern times from 1800.

Hist 352. Social and Cultural History of American People II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Cravens. History of ordinary Americans since 1900; development of society; dissemination of popular ideas; living conditions, work, and play; the arts, music, architectural styles, material culture; rural and urban lifestyles; majority-minority and gender relations; religion, mass culture, corporations, and technology in modern times.

Hist 353. History of African Americans I (Same as Af Am 353.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Pope. African roots of Black culture, slavery, abolition, Civil War, Reconstruction.

Hist 354. History of African Americans II (Same as Af Am 354.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Pope. Institutionalization of segregation, urban migration, Harlem Renaissance, Garvey movement, Depression and world wars, civil rights movement, and Black Power.

Hist 365. History of American Agriculture I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. American agricultural development from colonial times: European background, colonial period to 1865.

Hist 366. History of American Agriculture II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. American agricultural development from colonial time, 1865 to present.

Hist 370. History of Iowa
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Survey of major social, cultural, and economic developments in Iowa from the late 1700s. Emphasis on minority groups, pioneer life, early economic development, industrial development, educational and religious development, and outstanding personalities.

Hist 374. Women in Classical Antiquity (Same as Cl St 374.)
See Classical Studies.

Hist 376. International Business History
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Comparative approach, based on selected examples from Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America, to such topics as entrepreneurship, organization, and controversial roles of business people and groups in creating both development and underdevelopment.

Hist 380. History of Women in Science, Technology, and Medicine (Same as W S 380.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Bix. History of women’s relationship to the fields of science, technology, and medicine, as students and professionals, consumers, subjects and patients, family members, workers and citizens. Concentrates especially on 19th and 20th century United States, concluding with an examination of current issues of special interest to women in science, technology, and medicine.

Hist 381. International Economic History (Same as Econ 381.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Origins and evolution of European capitalism; varieties of agricultural and industrial transformation in Europe; expansion of Europe and impact on Africa, Caribbean, Latin America, and Asia.

Hist 382. United States Economic History (Same as Econ 382.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Origins and evolution of United States capitalism; importance of varieties of economics; importance of legal structures; growing interdependence of power sectors.

Hist 386. History of Women in America (Same as W S 386.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. A survey of social, economic, and political aspects of women’s role from colonial era to present; emphasis on employment, education, concepts of sexuality, and changing nature of the home.

Hist 387. Technology, Science, and Society in Modern Europe (Same as M E 387.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Wilson. From the late eighteenth-century beginnings of industrial revolution in Britain to World War I. Examination of reciprocal influences on scientists, engineers, and society.

Hist 388. History of Physics and Astronomy
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Wilson. From the eighteenth-century triumph of Newton’s gravitational theory to twentieth-century ideas of an evolving universe. Development of physical ideas and their increasing application to astronomy.

Hist 389. Modern Military History I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Military History from wars of attrition to the modern age in light of the American military. Relationships between war and society in America and Europe from 1750 to 1918.

Hist 390. Modern Military History II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Military History from wars of attrition to the modern age given the past two centuries of global warfare. Warfare during the twentieth century; emphasis on World War II experience.

Hist 402. Ancient Greece (Same as Cl St 402.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Ancient Greece from the Bronze Age to Hellenistic Kingdoms; evolution of Greek polis and its cultural contributions.

Hist 403. Ancient Rome I (Same as Cl St 403.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Political, social, and institutional history of ancient Rome, and its cultural contributions studied through original sources: Republican Era: Punic Wars to the assassination of Julius Caesar.

Hist 404. Ancient Rome II (Same as Cl St 404.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Political, social, and institutional history of ancient Rome, and its cultural contributions studied through original sources: Imperial Age: Augustus to the rise of Constantine.

Hist 405. History of Medieval Western Europe I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Madison. Development of political, economic, and social institutions: Early and Central Middle Ages, 284-1050.

Hist 406. History of Medieval Western Europe II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Madison. Development of political, economic, and social institutions: High and Late Middle Ages, 1050-1500.

Hist 408. Europe, 1500-1648
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Northern Renaissance; Church and Luther; Protestant reform and Roman-Catholic counter-reform; social, cultural, and economic changes; Spain in triumph and decline; religious wars and emergence of France.

Hist 410. 19th Century Europe
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Nationalism, revolution, and war.

Hist 414. European Cultural and Intellectual History
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. A study of perennial ideas: nature, man, God, society, history and creativity, from Dante to Sartre.

Hist 417. European Society and the Industrial Revolution
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Plakans. England and the continent during industrialization (1750-1900), with emphasis on the relationship between industrial and social change.

Hist 419. History of Modern France
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. From absolutism to revolution and the rise of modern democracy.

Hist 421. History of Russia I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Andrews. Russia to 1850. Origins of Russian people; Byzantine influences; Mongol invasion; rise of Moscow; Westernization.

Hist 422. History of Russia II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Andrews. Russia since 1850. Reform and revolution; transformation of society; USSR as a world power; recent changes.

Hist 424. History of Modern Germany
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Cultural, economic, and political developments in nineteenth century Germany.

Hist 426. Nationalism and Communism in Eastern Europe
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Plakans. A survey of nationalist movements, nation-building, and communist revolutions in Eastern Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Hist 430. Modern England I
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. England from 1688 to 1850. Political, social, cultural, economic development; England as a great power.

Hist 431. Modern England II
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. England since 1850. Parliamentary and constitutional development; social reform and economic change; imperial Britain; welfare state.

Hist 441. History of Modern Mexico and Central America
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Political, economic, and social development of Mexico and Central America in nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Hist 450. Colonial America
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Keller. Exploration, colonization, and development of political, economic, social, and cultural institutions of North American colonies before 1754.

Hist 451. American Revolution
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Keller. Participants, ideas, and events leading to independence and the foundation of the American Republic, 1754 to 1787.

Hist 454. Prologue to the U.S. Civil War
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. McJimsey. Origins of second party system. Social and economic forces that sustained the system and ultimately caused its collapse and sectional division, 1815-1861.

Hist 455. The U.S. Civil War and Reconstruction
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. McJimsey. Emphasis on military and political events of the Civil War and their influence on postwar America, 1861-1877.

Hist 458. U.S. World War I to 1945
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Kottman. America in crisis: World War I, the twenties, depression, and World War II.

Hist 459. U.S. 1945-1969
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Kottman. Liberal ascendency and Cold War: Fair Deal, modern republicanism, the Great Society, an assertive America, culminating in Vietnam.

Hist 460. The Great Plains
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Hurt. History of the Great Plains from prehistoric period. Emphasis on agricultural and rural development. Native Americans, cattle ranching, land policy, agrarian reform movements, and federal policy.

Hist 461. The Rural South
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Hurt. Agricultural and rural history of the South from colonial period to present. Emphasis on economic, social, and political change. Slavery, Populism, New Deal, and civil rights movement.

Hist 462. History of American Thought I
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Cravens. American religious, social, and political thought; development of democracy and nationalism and of the arts and sciences from colonial times to late nineteenth century.

Hist 463. History of American Thought II
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Cravens. Religious, social, and political thought; development of democracy and nationalism, the arts and sciences from late nineteenth century to modern and post-modern times.

Hist 464. Nineteenth Century American Social History
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Rise of modern industrial society in nineteenth century America; family, churches, and other social institutions; reform, immigration, social and geographical mobility; impact of urbanization.

Hist 465. The American Frontier
(3-0) Cr. 3. Alt. S., offered 2002. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Taylor. History of Trans-Missouri West from 1840s to present. Emphasis on environment, Native Americans, minorities, women, federal government, and cities in settlement and regional identity.

Hist 466. Imperial Expansion in North America
(3-0) Cr. 3. Alt. F., offered 2001. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Taylor. History of contests to claim and settle North American continent from 1500 to 18802 through lens of imperialism. Discussion of American, Apache, British, French, Iorquois, Russian, Sioux, and Spanish history.

Hist 469. Contemporary America
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Kottman. Major political, economic, and diplomatic developments since 1969.

Hist 470. The United States and the Cold War I
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Kottman. Relationship between the U.S. and the Communist world from the Bolshevik revolution in 1917 to 1950.

Hist 471. The United States and the Cold War II
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Kottman. Relationship between the U.S. and the Communist world from 1950 to the collapse of the Soviet system in 1991.

Hist 472. American Environmental History (Same as Env S 472.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. F. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Taylor. Conceptual approach to human history in North America by examining the impact of nature from precontact through the 20th century. Explores material interactions; intellectual modes; aesthetic relationships; and management strategies from aboriginal society through the environmental age. Nonmajor graduate credit.

Hist 473. Civil Rights and Black Power
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Pope. History of the Civil Rights movement in the U.S. and its transformation into the Black Power movement of the late sixties and seventies.

Hist 475. International Financial History
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. McCarthy. Business and economic cycles throughout history and the strategies investors and other decision-makers have developed to deal with them.

Hist 480. History of International Economic Integration
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. McCarthy. Comparative history, with examples from around the world, of major types of economic groupings including government and business empires, associations of merchants, free trade areas, customs unions, and common markets.

Hist 482. History of the Life Sciences and Medicine
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Marcus. Emergence of human sciences and technologies—medicine, physiology, cytology, public health, and social sciences—in the social and cultural context of Western world.

Hist 483. History of Social and Behavioral Sciences
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Cravens. History of the social and behavioral sciences in Europe and America since the 18th century. Social and behavioral sciences and their applications in economics, agriculture, government, social relations, public health, mental health, the built environment, foreign affairs, military doctrine, and public education.

Hist 484. Science, Technology, Medicine, and Public Policy
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Bix. History of public policy in the U.S. on issues relating to science, technology, and medicine from WWII. Mechanics and politics of policy-making; case study approach to economic, ethical, environmental, intellectual, and social questions of policy from the A-bomb to genetic engineering and health care reform.

Hist 488. History of American Technology (Same as M E 488.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Bix. Technology in America from Industrial Revolution to present. Themes include social contexts of technological change, development of professional engineering, ideas about technology and American life.

Hist 489. History of American Science (Same as M E 489.)
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Sophomore classification. Cravens. Science as a cultural and social activity in America from the eighteenth century to present. Scientific discovery; interaction of scientific and social ideas; science and war; science and health, environment; role of science as expertise in a nationalistic democracy.

Hist 490. Independent Study
Cr. 1 to 3 each time taken. Prereq: 9 credits in history; permission of department chair. No more than 9 credits of Hist 490 may be counted toward graduation. Reading and reports on problems selected in conference with each student.

Hist 495. Historiography and Research Writing
(1-0) Cr. R. F.S. Prereq: Major in history. Taken in conjunction with 400-level courses. Required of majors.

Courses Primarily for Graduate Students, Open to Qualified Undergraduate Students

Hist 510. Proseminar in East Asian History
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Readings in East Asian history. Topics vary each time offered.

Hist 511. Proseminar in American History
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Readings in American history. Topics vary each time offered.

                A. Colonial Period

                B. Nineteenth Century

                C. Twentieth Century

                D. Environment

                E. 20th Century American West

Hist 512. Proseminar in European History
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Readings in European history.

                A. Ancient (Same as Cl St 512A)

                B. Medieval

                C. Modern

Hist 513. Proseminar in Latin American History
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Readings in Latin American history. Topics vary each time offered.

Hist 530. Proseminar in Modern Russian/Soviet History
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Hist 422 or permission of instructor. Andrews. Readings in modern Russian history. Topics in 530A and B vary each time offered.

                A. State, society, and culture in Soviet Russia. 1917-1991.

                B. Social history of Modern Russian technology and science, 1861-present.

Hist 550. Proseminar in European Agricultural History and Rural Studies
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor.

                A. Modern European Rural Life

                B. Twentieth Century Europe

Hist 552. Proseminar in American Agricultural History and Rural Studies
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor.

                A. American Agriculture

                C. Midwestern Rural Society

                D. Migrant Labor History

                F. Agrarian Reform Movements

                H. Women in Rural Life

Hist 556. Proseminar in Asian Agricultural History and Rural Studies
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor.

                A. East Asian Agricultural-Rural Patterns

Hist 570. Seminar in General History of Science I
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Wilson. The history of science from pre-classical civilizations to the Age of Galileo with emphasis on the historical literature, varying interpretations of the period, and problems for continuing research.

Hist 571. Seminar in General History of Science II
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Permission of instructor. The history of science from Galileo to modern times, with emphasis on the historical literature, varying interpretations of the period, and problems for continuing research.

Hist 572. Seminar in American Environmental History
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: 511D and permission of instructor. Taylor. History of human interaction with nature from aboriginal settlement through the 20th century. Emphasis on individual research.

Hist 574. Seminar in General History of Technology I
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Bix. The history of technology from pre-classical civilizations to the eve of the Industrial Revolution with emphasis on the historical literature, varying interpretations of the period, and problems for continuing research.

Hist 575. Seminar in General History of Technology II
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Marcus. The history of technology from the Industrial Revolution to modern times, with emphasis on the historical literature, varying interpretations of the period, and problems for continuing research.

Hist 576. Colloquium in Historiography of Technology and Science
(1-0) Cr. R. F. Topical lectures, reports, and discussion of methodology and research in history of technology and science. Required of all graduate students in history of technology and science program.

Hist 580. Museum Internship
Cr. varies each time taken. Prereq: 15 graduate credits in history and permission of instructor.

Hist 583. Historical Methods
(3-0) Cr. 3. Study of evidence, theory, and methods; 583C required of all M.A. students during their first fall semester.

                B. Statistical Evidence and Analysis

                C. Conceptual approach to history

Hist 585. Teaching Methods
Cr. 1 to 2 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Topics vary each time offered.

                B. Curriculum Development in History

                C. Implementing Teaching Techniques

Hist 586. Proseminar in Women’s History and Feminist Theory
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Pope. Feminist theory from the 1960s to the present as it relates to the writing of women’s history. Analysis of interpretations of U.S. women’s history from patriarchal to postmodernist perspectives.

Hist 590. Special Topics
Cr. 1 to 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor.

Hist 592. Seminar in East Asian History
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Topics vary each time offered.

Hist 593. Seminar in American History
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Topics vary each time offered.

                A. Colonial Period

                B. Nineteenth Century

                C. Twentieth Century

Hist 594. Seminar in European History
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Topics vary each time offered.

                A. Ancient (Same as Cl St 594A)

                B. Medieval

                C. Modern

Hist 595. Seminar in Latin American History
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Topics vary each time offered.

Hist 597. Seminar in Comparative Economic History
(3-0) Cr. 3 each time taken. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Topics vary each time offered.

Courses for Graduate Students

Hist 602. Seminar in Nineteenth Century Science
(3-0) Cr. 3. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Wilson. Emphasis varies each time offered.

Hist 603. Seminar in Nineteenth Century Technology
(3-0) Cr. 3. Alt. S. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Marcus, Bix. Emphasis varies each time offered.

Hist 604. Seminar in American Science
(3-0) Cr. 3. Alt. F. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Cravens, Marcus. Emphasis varies each time offered.

Hist 605. Seminar in American Technology
(3-0) Cr. 3. Alt. F. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Cravens, Bix. Emphasis varies each time offered.

Hist 606. Seminar in Early Twentieth Century Science
(3-0) Cr. 3. Alt. F. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Wilson, Cravens, Marcus. Emphasis varies each time offered.

Hist 607. Seminar in Early Twentieth Century Technology
(3-0) Cr. 3. Alt. S. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Bix, Marcus. Emphasis varies each time offered.

Hist 608. Seminar on European Rural Life
(3-0) Cr. 3. Plakans. Prereq: Permission of Instructor.

Hist 610. Seminar on American Rural Life
(3-0) Cr. 3. S. Prereq: Permission of instructor. Hurt.